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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 83(3): 1-10, June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957606

ABSTRACT

background: Although various studies refer to the effect of meditation on blood pressure (BP), its impact on other cardiovascular clinical variables is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a meditation program on pulse wave velocity (PWV), quality of life and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) in patients with ischemic heart disease or chronic heart failure. Methods: This was a randomized study with two groups of patients: a meditation group (M) and an active control group (AC) with cardiovascular health education, evaluating the difference between initial and final values at 12 weeks of B P, PWV, quality of life (assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire) and us-CRP. results: Thirty-five patients were included in the M group and 35 in the AC group; mean age was 61 years and 80% were men. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, except for higher number of smokers and triglyceride levels in the M group. At 12 weeks, no significant differences were found for ∆PWV: +0.51 (±1.40) in AC and +0.19 (±1.53) in M (p=0.37). Conversely, ∆SF-36 was +0.79 (±7.58) in AC vs. +5.40 (±9.69) (p=0.03) in M, and ∆us-PCR was +1.17 (±2.9) in AC vs. -0.69 (±0.89) in M (p=0.02). Conclusions: A meditation program did not significantly modify PWV at 12 weeks. However, patients allocated to this intervention improved their quality of life and us-PCR was significantly reduced. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings and explore the mechanisms involved in this improvement.

2.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 83(3): 1-10, June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957610

ABSTRACT

background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and death. It is important to know the characteristics of smoking habits among physicians and their attitude toward patients who smoke. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of smoking among physicians in Argentina, the factors associated with tobacco consumption and their attitude toward their patients who smoke. Methods: An observational cross- sectional study was performed between June and December 2013 in Argentine physicians of dif-ferent specialties. Using a structured survey, the following variables were analyzed: associated cardiovascular risk factors, charac-teristics of tobacco consumption, smoking cessation training and the attitude toward the patient who smokes. results: 3,033 physicians were surveyed, ; 57% were men, and mean age was 41.3±12 years; 19.7% were current smokers and 21.7% were former smokers. The probability of being a smoker was higher among surgeons (OR 1.29) or physicians working at the emergency room (OR 1.41). Undergraduate and postgraduate tobacco cessation training was achieved by 36.6% and 40.8% of physicians, respectively. Young physicians, clinical specialties or private practice were associated with higher level of training. Tobacco cessation counseling was more frequent in physicians with higher level of training than physicians who smoked or surgeons. Former smokers presented higher prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular events. Family history of smoking habit was more common in former smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Argentine physicians is high. Different factors are involved in the probability of smoking, tobacco cessation training or the possibility of medical counseling. Higher level of training in smoking cessation must be provided.

3.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 83(1): 21-27, feb. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-757115

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El Cuestionario sobre la Dieta Restrictiva de Sodio [Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ)] está basado en la teoría del comportamiento planificado. Originalmente desarrollado en inglés, este instrumento, compuesto por tres subescalas (en 16 ítems que evalúan los parámetros vinculados con la actitud en relación con el comportamiento, la norma subjetiva y el control comportamental percibido), identifica los factores que afectan la adhesión a la dieta hiposódica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC). Objetivos: Realizar la adaptación transcultural del DSRQ en idioma español para su utilización en la Argentina y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas (validez y confiabilidad). Material y métodos: La adaptación transcultural se realizó con la metodología recomendada (traducción, síntesis, revisión y retrotraducción). La validez se determinó mediante análisis de forma y factorial de componentes principales con la extracción de factores y rotación Varimax. El análisis de la confiabilidad se efectuó mediante el cálculo de la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y la correlación ítem-total de la escala. Resultados: En la adaptación transcultural se adaptaron los encabezados y solamente una pregunta tuvo alteraciones semánticas relevantes. Para el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas se incluyeron 230 pacientes con ICC. La proporción de datos faltantes fue muy baja (0,20%). En el análisis de componentes principales se extrajeron tres factores. Luego de la rotación Varimax, los ítems se agruparon con los factores seleccionados, coincidiendo con las tres subescalas originales. En el análisis ítem-total, ninguna correlación mostró un valor < 0,30. El alfa de Cronbach global fue de 0,86 (0,89, 0,71 y 0,89 para las tres subescalas, de actitud en relación con el comportamiento, norma subjetiva y control comportamental percibido, respectivamente). Conclusiones: En nuestro trabajo se realizó por primera vez la adaptación transcultural del DSRQ al español para su utilización en la Argentina; la confiabilidad y la validez de esta versión del instrumento fueron adecuadas.


Background: The Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) is based on the theory of planned behavior. Originally developed in English, this instrument, consisting of three subscales (divided in 16 items evaluating the parameters associated with attitude relative to behavior, the subjective norm and the perceived behavioral control), identifies the factors affecting adherence to low-sodium diet in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform the DSRQ transcultural adaptation into Spanish to be used in Argentina and assess its psychometric properties (validity and reliability). Methods: The transcultural adaptation was done with the recommended methodology (translation, synthesis, revision and back translation). Its validity was explored by principal component structure and factor analysis with factor extraction and Varimax rotation. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency calculation (Cronbach's alpha) and the item-total scale correlation. Results: Headlines were adjusted and one question only had relevant semantic changes in the transcultural adaptation. A total of 230 CHF patients were included for the psychometric analysis. The proportion of missing data was very low (0.20%). Three factors were extracted from the main component analysis. After Varimax rotation, the items were grouped with the selected factors, matching the three original subscales. In the item-total analysis, no correlation showed a value < 0.30. Global Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 (0.89, 0.71 and 0.89 for the three subscales, of attitude relative to behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, respectively). Conclusions: We performed for the first time the DSRQ transcultural adaptation into Spanish for its use in Argentina. This version of the instrument showed adequate validity and reliability.

4.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 82(1): 26-33, feb. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734490

ABSTRACT

Introducción La inactividad física se asocia con mayor morbimortalidad cardiovascular y está en aumento en la población general. Los médicos serían los mejor preparados para brindar asesoramiento sobre actividad física a los pacientes; no obstante ello, no existen datos locales validados relativos a los hábitos y las actitudes de los médicos frente al ejercicio. Objetivos Analizar las características de la actividad física en una población de médicos, determinar la actitud del médico frente al paciente con respecto al ejercicio, estudiar la relación entre la actividad física y la edad, el sexo y la especialidad y evaluar los factores de riesgo de esta población. Material y métodos Se realizó una encuesta a médicos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y del Conurbano bonaerense. Se utilizó el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física). Para evaluar el nivel de actividad física se empleó una escala basada en los MET semanales ( 3.000 MET = actividad física vigorosa). Resultados Se incluyeron 550 médicos (53% hombres, edad media 38 años). El 37,5%, el 57,5% y el 5% realizan actividad física baja, moderada o vigorosa, respectivamente. Al 80% de la población le gusta hacer ejercicio, el 92% recomienda hacer ejercicio a sus pacientes y el 97% lo considera beneficioso para la salud. El principal motivo para no realizar ejercicio es la falta de tiempo. Los hombres realizan más actividad física vigorosa 3 o más veces por semana (20% vs. 15%; p < 0,01) que las mujeres. La especialidad cardiología es en la que se indica más frecuentemente realizar ejercicio (75%). Conclusiones En esta población médica, independientemente del sexo, el grupo etario o la especialidad analizada, se observó una prevalencia menor de actividad física baja en comparación con la población general. La recomendación de ejercicio a los pacientes fue globalmente elevada, aunque mayor en las especialidades clínicas.


Background Sedentarism is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is increasing in the general population. Physicians should have the best preparation to instruct patients on physical activity. There are, however, no validated local data regarding physician’s habits and attitudes towards physical exercise. Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of physical activity in a medical population, determine the attitude towards patients regarding exercise, study the relationship between physical activity and age, gender and specialty and evaluate the risk factors of this population. Methods We surveyed physicians from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the Greater Buenos Aires using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To assess the physical activity level a scale based on weekly METS ( 3000 METS = vigorous physical activity) was applied. Results Five hundred and fifty physicians were included (53% male, mean age 38 years). Physical activity levels were low, moderate or vigorous in 37.5%, 57.5%, and 5% of cases, respectively. Eighty percent of the medical population liked to exercise, 92% recommended exercise to their patients and 97% saw it as beneficial for health. The main reason for not performing exercise was lack of time. Men performed more vigorous physical activity than women (20 vs. 15%, p <0.01). Cardiology was the specialty which recommended exercise more frequently to patients (75%). Conclusions In this medical population there was a lower prevalence of low physical activity than in the general population, independently of gender, age group or specialty analyzed. Exercise recommendation to patients was generally high, though more elevated in clinical specialties.

5.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 82(1): 34-41, feb. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734491

ABSTRACT

Introducción En numerosos ensayos clínicos se demostró que las estatinas reducen los eventos cardiovasculares, tanto en prevención primaria como secundaria. Sin embargo, existe una variación individual considerable en la respuesta esperada para cada dosis y tipo de estatina, por lo que detectar al paciente hiporrespondedor a las estatinas permitiría considerar un tratamiento hipolipemiante adicional. Objetivos Evaluar la respuesta a las estatinas en pacientes en prevención cardiovascular y analizar las características de los sujetos hiporrespondedores. Material y métodos Se incluyeron en forma consecutiva pacientes ambulatorios con indicación de estatinas. El médico tratante definía la estatina y la dosis utilizada. Se analizaron los valores basales y postratamiento (6-24 semanas) del perfil lipídico. Se analizó la distribución de la reducción del C-LDL para cada tipo y dosis de estatina y se definió “baja respuesta” según dos estrategias: si el porcentaje de reducción se encontraba por debajo de la mediana o por debajo del percentil 25. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados. Resultados Se incluyeron 446 pacientes (52% mujeres, 25% diabéticos, 80% prevención primaria, edad 58 ± 11 años). La reducción del C-LDL promedio fue del 27%, 38% y 43% para simvastatina 10 mg, 20 mg y 40 mg, respectivamente, del 36% y 43% para atorvastatina 10 mg y 20 mg, respectivamente, y del 44% y 49% para rosuvastatina 10 mg y 20 mg, respectivamente. Definiendo hiporrespuesta por ambas estrategias (mediana y percentil 25), el sexo masculino (OR 2,54 y 2,31), la diabetes (OR 2,0 y 3,85), la edad (cada 5 años, OR 0,87 y 0,83) y el nivel basal de C-LDL (cada 10 mg/dl, OR 0,78 y 0,77) se asociaron independientemente con una chance mayor de ser hiporrespondedor. Conclusiones La reducción del C-LDL por las diferentes estatinas fue similar a lo previamente publicado. Los hombres, los diabéticos, los sujetos más jóvenes o con niveles basales más bajos de C-LDL tuvieron mayor probabilidad de mostrar baja respuesta a las estatinas.


Introduction Numerous clinical trials have shown that statins reduce cardiovascular events, both in primary and secondary prevention. There is, however, considerable individual variation in the expected response for each dose and type of statin; therefore, detection of hypo-responder patients would allow considering additional hypolipidemic treatment. Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the response to statins in cardiovascular prevention patients and to analyze the characteristics of hyporesponder subjects. Methods Consecutive outpatients receiving statins were included. The treating physician defined the type and dose of statin used. The lipid profile was assessed at baseline and post-treatment (6-24 weeks). The distribution of LDL-C reduction for each type and dose of statin was analyzed and “low response” was defined according to two strategies: if the percent reduction was below the median or below the 25th percentile. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 446 patients (52% female, 25% diabetic, 80% primary prevention, age 58 ± 11 years) were included in the study. Mean LDL-C reduction was 27%, 38% and 43% for simvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg, respectively, 36% and 43% for atorvastatin 10 and 20 mg, respectively, and 44% and 49% for rosuvastatin 10 and 20 mg, respectively. Hypores-ponsiveness defined by both strategies (median and 25th percentile) showed that male gender (OR 2.54 and 2.31), diabetes (OR 2.0 and 3.85), age (every 5 years, OR 0.87 and 0.83) and baseline LDL-C (every 10 mg/dL, OR 0.78 and 0.77) were independently associated with greater chance of being hypo-responder. Conclusions LDL-C reduction by different statins was similar to previous reports. Men, diabetics, younger subjects or with lower baseline LDL-C were more likely to show poor response to statins.

6.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 81(4): 322-328, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708638

ABSTRACT

Introducción La incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer aumenta luego de la menopausia.Los puntajes de riesgo tradicionales subestiman el riesgo en la mujer posmenopáusica. El diagnóstico de placa aterosclerótica carotídea (PAC) podría mejorar la estratificación del riesgo. Objetivos 1) Estimar el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de mediana edad en prevención primaria. 2) Conocer la prevalencia de PAC. 3) Calcular la precisión de los puntajes de riesgo para detectar PAC. Material y métodos Se calcularon el puntaje de Framingham a 10 años (PF10) y el puntaje recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (POMS), evaluando la concordancia entre ellos. Se determinó la prevalencia de PAC mediante ultrasonido. Se realizó un análisis ROC. Resultados Se incluyeron 334 mujeres (edad 57 ± 5 años). El 96% y el 91% de la población se clasificó como de "riesgo bajo" según el PF10 y el POMS, respectivamente. La concordancia entre los dos puntajes fue regular (kappa 0,31). La prevalencia de PAC fue del 29%. Se observó una correspondencia entre el riesgo estimado por los puntajes y la prevalencia de PAC. Las mujeres con PAC presentaron una prevalencia mayor de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo, mostrando más frecuentemente un patrón "metabólico" que las mujeres sin PAC. El área bajo la curva del PF10 para detectar PAC fue de 0,79 (IC 95% 0,73-0,84), siendo el punto de corte óptimo = 3%. Conclusiones En esta población clasificada en su mayoría como de riesgo bajo, la prevalencia de PAC fue considerable. Ante un PF10 = 3%, la solicitud de una ecografía carotídea podría optimizar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular.


Background Cardiovascular disease in women increases after menopause. Traditional risk scores underestimate the risk in postmeno-pausal women. The diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) could improve risk stratification. Objectives The aim of the study was: 1) To estimate cardiovascular risk in middle-aged postmenopausal women in primary preven-tion. 2) To find CAP prevalence. 3) To assess the precision of risk scores used to detect CAP. Methods The level of agreement between the 10-year Framingham risk score (10-FRS) and the score recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOS) was assessed. Ultrasound was used to determine CAP occurrence. A ROC analysis was performed. Results The study included a total of 334 women with mean age 57 ± 5 years. According to 10-FRS and WHOS, 96% and 91% of the population were respectively classified as "low risk". An adequate level of agreement between both scores was found (kappa 0.31). CAP occurred in 29% of cases. Score estimated risk correlated with CAP prevalence. Women with CAP presented higher incidence of hypertension and smoking, evidencing a more frequent "metabolic" pattern than women without CAP. The area under the curve of 10-FRS to detect CAP was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.84), with an optimal cut-off point = 3%. Conclusions In this population, mostly classified as low risk, there was considerable CAP prevalence. A carotid ultrasound might help to stratify cardiovascular risk when 10-FRS is = 3%.

7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 91(4): 251-2, ago. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-276163

ABSTRACT

Atento a las dificultades que ofrece el diagnóstico de glaucoma congénito por la variabilidad de sus síntomas y las diferentes formas que adquiere,presentamos nuestra investigación sobre la presión intraocular en 23 recién nacidos,con un total de 55 mediciones,efectuadas con un tonómetro no contactante.Los resultdos obtenidos son constantes con una presión ocular media de 9,59 mm y con una máxima de 12 mm y mínima de 7 mm


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure , Manometry , Pediatrics
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